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Mv IV 05
PTS: Mv IV 5 | CS: vin.mv.04.05
Saṅghapavāraṇādippabhedā
'Line by Line'
Analysis of the Saṅgha-invitation, etc.
by
Ven. Khematto Bhikkhu
Alternate translations/layout: 'read-friendly' layout

124. saṅghapavāraṇādippabhedā (Mv.IV.5.1)
Analysis of the Saṅgha-invitation, etc. [BMC Mv.II.26.1]

[231] tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṁ āvāse tadahupavāraṇāya pañca bhikkhū viharanti.

Now on that occasion there were five monks staying in a certain residence on the day of the Invitation.

athakho tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi bhagavatā paññattaṁ saṅghena pavāretabbanti mayañcamha pañca janā kathaṁ nu kho amhehi pavāretabbanti.

Then the thought occurred to them, “It has been laid down by the Blessed One that the Saṅgha should invite. But we are five people — how should we invite?”

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

They reported the matter to the Blessed One.

anujānāmi bhikkhave pañcannaṁ saṅghena pavāretunti.

“I allow the Saṅgha to invite when there are five.”

(Mv.IV.5.2) tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṁ āvāse tadahupavāraṇāya cattāro bhikkhū viharanti.

Now on that occasion there were four monks staying in a certain residence on the day of the Invitation.

athakho tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi bhagavatā anuññātaṁ pañcannaṁ saṅghena pavāretuṁ mayañcamha cattāro janā kathaṁ nu kho amhehi pavāretabbanti.

Then the thought occurred to them, “It has been laid down by the Blessed One for the Saṅgha to invite when there are five. But we are four people — how should we invite?”

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

They reported the matter to the Blessed One.

anujānāmi bhikkhave catunnaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ.

“Monks, I allow that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are four.”

(Mv.IV.5.3) evañca pana bhikkhave pavāretabbaṁ.

“And, monks, you should invite like this: [BMC]

byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena te bhikkhū ñāpetabbā

“An experienced and competent monk should inform the monks:

suṇantu me āyasmanto ajja pavāraṇā.

“‘May the venerable ones listen to me. Today is the Invitation.

yadāyasmantānaṁ pattakallaṁ mayaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāreyyāmāti.

“‘If the venerable ones are ready, we should mutually invite.’

therena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā te bhikkhū evamassu vacanīyā

“The senior(most) monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in the kneeling position with his hands placed palm-to-palm over the heart and say,

ahaṁ āvuso āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmanto anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘Friends, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.1

dutiyampi āvuso āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmanto anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘A second time, friends, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

tatiyampi āvuso āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmanto anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmīti.

“‘A third time, friends, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.’

navakena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā te bhikkhū evamassu vacanīyā

“A junior monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in the kneeling position with his hands placed palm-to-palm over the heart and say,

ahaṁ bhante āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmanto anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘Venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

dutiyampi bhante āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmanto anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘A second time, venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

tatiyampi bhante āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmanto anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmīti.

“‘A third time, venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.’”

(Mv.IV.5.4) tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṁ āvāse tadahupavāraṇāya tayo bhikkhū viharanti.

Now on that occasion there were three monks staying in a certain residence on the day of the Invitation.

athakho tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi bhagavatā anuññātaṁ pañcannaṁ saṅghena pavāretuṁ catunnaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ mayañcamha tayo janā kathaṁ nu kho amhehi pavāretabbanti.

Then the thought occurred to them, “It has been laid down by the Blessed One for the Saṅgha to invite when there are five, and that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are four. But we are three people — how should we invite?”

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

They reported the matter to the Blessed One.

anujānāmi bhikkhave tiṇṇannaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ.

“Monks, I allow that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are three.”

evañca pana bhikkhave pavāretabbaṁ.

“And, monks, you should invite like this:

byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena te bhikkhū ñāpetabbā

“An experienced and competent monk should inform the monks:

suṇantu me āyasmantā ajja pavāraṇā.

“‘May the venerable ones[1] listen to me. Today is the Invitation.

yadāyasmantānaṁ pattakallaṁ mayaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāreyyāmāti.

“‘If the venerable ones are ready, we should mutually invite.’

therena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā te bhikkhū evamassu vacanīyā

“The senior(most) monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in the kneeling position with his hands placed palm-to-palm over the heart and say,

ahaṁ āvuso āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmantā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘Friends, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

dutiyampi āvuso āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmantā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘A second time, friends, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

tatiyampi āvuso āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmantā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmīti.

“‘A third time, friends, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.’

navakena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā te bhikkhū evamassu vacanīyā

“A junior monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in the kneeling position with his hands placed palm-to-palm over the heart and say,

ahaṁ bhante āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmantā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘Venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

dutiyampi bhante āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmantā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘A second time, venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

tatiyampi bhante āyasmante pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadantu maṁ āyasmantā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmīti.

“‘A third time, venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.’”

(Mv.IV.5.5) tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṁ āvāse tadahupavāraṇāya dve bhikkhū viharanti

Now on that occasion there were two monks staying in a certain residence on the day of the Invitation.

athakho tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi bhagavatā anuññātaṁ pañcannaṁ saṅghena pavāretuṁ catunnaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ tiṇṇannaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ mayañcamha dve janā kathaṁ nu kho amhehi pavāretabbanti.

Then the thought occurred to them, “It has been laid down by the Blessed One for the Saṅgha to invite when there are five, that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are four, and that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are three. But we are two people — how should we perform the Invitation?”

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

They reported the matter to the Blessed One.

anujānāmi bhikkhave dvinnaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ.

“Monks, I allow that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are two.”

(Mv.IV.5.6) evañca pana bhikkhave pavāretabbaṁ.

“And, monks, you should invite like this:

therena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā navo bhikkhu evamassa vacanīyo

“The senior monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in the kneeling position with his hands placed palm-to-palm over the heart[2] and say to the junior monk,

ahaṁ āvuso āyasmantaṁ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadatu maṁ āyasmā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘Friend, I invite the venerable one to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

dutiyampi āvuso āyasmantaṁ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadatu maṁ āyasmā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘A second time, friend, I invite the venerable one to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

tatiyampi āvuso āyasmantaṁ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadatu maṁ āyasmā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmīti.

“‘A third time, friend, I invite the venerable one to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.’

navakena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā thero bhikkhu evamassa vacanīyo

“The junior monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in the kneeling position with his hands placed palm-to-palm over the heart and say,

ahaṁ bhante āyasmantaṁ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadatu maṁ āyasmā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘Venerable sir, I invite the venerable one to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

dutiyampi bhante āyasmantaṁ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadatu maṁ āyasmā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmi

“‘A second time, venerable sir, I invite the venerable one to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.

tatiyampi bhante āyasmantaṁ pavāremi diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā vadatu maṁ āyasmā anukampaṁ upādāya passanto paṭikarissāmīti.

“‘A third time, venerable sir, I invite the venerable one to speak to me — out of sympathy — with regard to what is seen, heard, or suspected. On seeing (the offense), I will make amends.’”

(Mv.IV.5.7) tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṁ āvāse tadahupavāraṇāya eko bhikkhu viharati.

Now on that occasion there was one monk staying in a certain residence on the day of the Invitation.

athakho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi bhagavatā anuññātaṁ pañcannaṁ saṅghena pavāretuṁ catunnaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ tiṇṇannaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ dvinnaṁ aññamaññaṁ pavāretuṁ ahañcamhi ekako kathaṁ nu kho mayā pavāretabbanti.

Then the thought occurred to them, “It has been laid down by the Blessed One for the Saṅgha to invite when there are five, that a mutual Invitation be performed when there are four, that the mutual Invitation should be performed by a (group) of three, and that the mutual Invitation should be performed by a (group) of two. But I am alone — how should I perform the Invitation?”

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

They reported the matter to the Blessed One.

(Mv.IV.5.8) idha pana bhikkhave aññatarasmiṁ āvāse tadahupavāraṇāya eko bhikkhu viharati.

“Monks, there is the case where there is one monk staying in a certain residence on the day of the Invitation.

tena bhikkhave bhikkhunā yattha bhikkhū paṭikkamanti upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā so deso sammajjitvā pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetvā āsanaṁ paññāpetvā padīpaṁ katvā nisīditabbaṁ.

“Having swept the place where the monks gather — an assembly hall, a pavilion, or the root of a tree — having set out drinking water and washing water, having laid out a seat, having made a light, he should sit down.

sace aññe bhikkhū āgacchanti tehi saddhiṁ pavāretabbaṁ no ce āgacchanti ajja me pavāraṇāti adhiṭṭhātabbaṁ no ce adhiṭṭhaheyya āpatti dukkaṭassa.

“If other monks arrive, he should invite together with them. If not, he should determine: ‘Today is my Invitation.’ If he does not determined (this): an offense of wrong doing. [BMC]

(Mv.IV.5.9) tatra bhikkhave yattha pañca bhikkhū viharanti na ekassa pavāraṇaṁ āharitvā catūhi saṅghena pavāretabbaṁ pavāreyyuṁ ce āpatti dukkaṭassa.

“In the case that five monks are staying together, a Saṅgha of four should not invite after having brought the invitation of one. If they should invite: an offense of wrong doing.

tatra bhikkhave yattha cattāro bhikkhū viharanti na ekassa pavāraṇaṁ āharitvā tīhi aññamaññaṁ pavāretabbaṁ pavāreyyuṁ ce āpatti dukkaṭassa.

“In the case that four monks are staying together, the mutual Invitation should not be performed by a Saṅgha of three after having brought the invitation of one. If they should invite: an offense of wrong doing.

tatra bhikkhave yattha tayo bhikkhū viharanti na ekassa pavāraṇaṁ āharitvā dvīhi aññamaññaṁ pavāretabbaṁ pavāreyyuṁ ce āpatti dukkaṭassa.

“In the case that three monks are staying together, the mutual Invitation should not be performed by a Saṅgha of two after having brought the invitation of one. If they should invite: an offense of wrong doing.

tatra bhikkhave yattha dve bhikkhū viharanti na ekassa pavāraṇaṁ āharitvā ekena adhiṭṭhātabbaṁ adhiṭṭhaheyya ce āpatti dukkaṭassāti.

“In the case that two monks are staying together, one should not determine, after having brought the invitation of one. If he should determine: an offense of wrong doing.” [BMC]

Notes

1.
The Burmese edition also has āyasmantā here. The previous section has āyasmanto, the usual plural of nouns in ‘-ant’, when the speaker is addressing three people. Is this a remnant of the Sankskrit dual form? The Sri Lankan edition has āyasmanto, and PTS has only dots. The Sanskrit dual Vocative of nouns in ‘-ant’ is ‘-antau’, so it may just be a mistake.
2.
Cv.VI.6.5 states that ‘These ten are not to be paid homage: one accepted (ordained) later is not to be paid homage by one accepted earlier ….’ Apparently, in this case the senior monk is showing respect to the Dhamma, as all transactions are to be done ‘face-to-face with the Dhamma’.
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