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Mv IX 02
PTS: Mv IX 2 | CS: vin.mv.09.02
Adhammena vaggādikammakathā
'Line by Line'
The Discussion of Non-Dhamma, Factional Transactions
by
Ven. Khematto Bhikkhu
Alternate translations/layout: 'read-friendly' layout

235. adhammena vaggādikammakathā (Mv.IX.2.1)
The Discussion of Non-Dhamma, Factional Transactions [BMC: 1 2]

[175] tena kho pana samayena campāyaṁ bhikkhū evarūpāni kammāni karonti

Now at that time in Campā, the monks did these sorts of transactions:

adhammena vaggakammaṁ karonti

They did factional transactions not in accordance with the Dhamma. [Mv.IX.3.3 Mv.IX.5.1 Mv.IX.6.1]

adhammena samaggakammaṁ karonti

They did united transactions not in accordance with the Dhamma .

dhammena vaggakammaṁ karonti

They did factional transactions in accordance with the Dhamma.

dhammapaṭirūpakena vaggakammaṁ karonti

They did factional transactions that were a semblance of Dhamma.

dhammapaṭirūpakena samaggakammaṁ karonti

They did united transactions that were a semblance of Dhamma.

ekopi ekaṁ ukkhipati

One suspended one.

ekopi dve ukkhipati

One suspended two.

ekopi sambahule ukkhipati

One suspended many.

ekopi saṅghaṁ ukkhipati

One suspended a Saṅgha.

dvepi ekaṁ ukkhipanti

Two suspended one.

dvepi dve ukkhipanti

Two suspended two.

dvepi sambahule ukkhipanti

Two suspended many.

dvepi saṅghaṁ ukkhipanti

Two suspended a Saṅgha.

sambahulāpi ekaṁ ukkhipanti

Many suspended one.

sambahulāpi dve ukkhipanti

Many suspended two.

sambahulāpi sambahule ukkhipanti

Many suspended many.

sambahulāpi saṅghaṁ ukkhipanti

Many suspended a Saṅgha.

saṅghopi saṅghaṁ ukkhipati.

A Saṅgha suspended a Saṅgha.

(Mv.IX.2.2) ye te bhikkhū appicchā .pe. te ujjhāyanti khīyanti vipācenti

Those monks who were modest … criticized and complained and spread it about:

kathaṁ hi nāma campāyaṁ bhikkhū evarūpāni kammāni karissanti adhammena vaggakammaṁ karissanti .pe.

“How can the monks in Campā do these sorts of transactions: They do factional transactions not in accordance with the Dhamma. …

saṅghopi saṅghaṁ ukkhipissatīti.

“A Saṅgha suspends a Saṅgha?”

athakho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

Then the monks reported the matter to the Blessed One.

saccaṁ kira bhikkhave campāyaṁ bhikkhū evarūpāni kammāni karonti adhammena vaggakammaṁ karonti .pe.

“Is it true, monks, as they say, that in Campā the monks do these sorts of transactions: They do factional transactions not in accordance with the Dhamma. …

saṅghopi saṅghaṁ ukkhipatīti.

“A Saṅgha suspends a Saṅgha?”

saccaṁ bhagavāti.

“It’s true, O Blessed One.”

vigarahi buddho bhagavā .pe.

The Buddha, the Blessed One, rebuked them …

vigarahitvā dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi.

Having rebuked him and given a Dhamma talk, he addressed the monks:

(Mv.IX.2.3) [176] dhammena [ME: adhammena] ce bhikkhave vaggakammaṁ akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“A factional transaction not in accordance with the Dhamma is not a transaction and is not to be done.

adhammena ce bhikkhave samaggakammaṁ akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“A united transaction not in accordance with the Dhamma is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dhammena ce bhikkhave vaggakammaṁ akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“A factional transaction in accordance with the Dhamma is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dhammapaṭirūpakena ce bhikkhave vaggakammaṁ akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“A factional transaction that is a semblance of the Dhamma is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dhammapaṭirūpakena ce bhikkhave samaggakammaṁ akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“A united transaction that is a semblance of the Dhamma is not a transaction and is not to be done.

ekopi ekaṁ ukkhipati akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“One suspends one: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

ekopi dve ukkhipati akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“One suspends two: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

ekopi sambahule ukkhipati akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“One suspends many: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

ekopi saṅghaṁ ukkhipati akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“One suspends a Saṅgha: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dvepi ekaṁ ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Two suspend one: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dvepi dve ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Two suspend two: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dvepi sambahule ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Two suspend many: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

dvepi saṅghaṁ ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Two suspend a Saṅgha: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

sambahulāpi ekaṁ ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Many suspend one: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

sambahulāpi dve ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Many suspend two: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

sambahulāpi sambahule ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Many suspend many: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

sambahulāpi saṅghaṁ ukkhipanti akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“Many suspend a Saṅgha: It is not a transaction and is not to be done.

saṅghopi saṅghaṁ ukkhipati akammaṁ na ca karaṇīyaṁ.

“A Saṅgha suspends a Saṅgha: It is not a transaction and is not to be done. [BMC: 1 2]

(Mv.IX.2.4) [177] cattārīmāni bhikkhave kammāni adhammena vaggakammaṁ adhammena samaggakammaṁ dhammena vaggakammaṁ dhammena samaggakammaṁ.

“Monks, there are these four transactions: a factional transaction not in accordance with the Dhamma, a united transaction not in accordance with the Dhamma, a factional transaction in accordance with the Dhamma, a united transaction in accordance with the Dhamma.

tatra bhikkhave yadidaṁ adhammena vaggakammaṁ idaṁ bhikkhave kammaṁ adhammattā vaggattā kuppaṁ aṭṭhānārahaṁ na bhikkhave evarūpaṁ kammaṁ kātabbaṁ na ca mayā evarūpaṁ kammaṁ anuññātaṁ.

“Of these, the factional transaction not in accordance with the Dhamma is — because of its factionality, because of its lack of accordance with the Dhamma — reversible and unfit to stand. Monks, this sort of transaction should not be done, nor is this sort of transaction allowed by me.

tatra bhikkhave yadidaṁ adhammena samaggakammaṁ idaṁ bhikkhave kammaṁ adhammattā kuppaṁ aṭṭhānārahaṁ na bhikkhave evarūpaṁ kammaṁ kātabbaṁ na ca mayā evarūpaṁ kammaṁ anuññātaṁ.

“The united transaction not in accordance with the Dhamma is — because of its lack of accordance with the Dhamma[1] — reversible and unfit to stand. Monks, this sort of transaction should not be done, nor is this sort of transaction allowed by me. [BMC]

tatra bhikkhave yadidaṁ dhammena vaggakammaṁ idaṁ bhikkhave kammaṁ vaggattā kuppaṁ aṭṭhānārahaṁ na bhikkhave evarūpaṁ kammaṁ kātabbaṁ na ca mayā evarūpaṁ kammaṁ anuññātaṁ.

“The factional transaction in accordance with the Dhamma is — because of its factionality — reversible and unfit to stand. Monks, this sort of transaction should not be done, nor is this sort of transaction allowed by me.

tatra bhikkhave yadidaṁ dhammena samaggakammaṁ idaṁ bhikkhave kammaṁ dhammattā samaggattā akuppaṁ ṭhānārahaṁ evarūpaṁ bhikkhave kammaṁ kātabbaṁ evarūpañca mayā kammaṁ anuññātaṁ.

“The united transaction in accordance with the Dhamma is — because of its unity, because of its accordance with the Dhamma — irreversible and fit to stand. This sort of transaction may be done; this sort of transaction is allowed by me.

tasmātiha bhikkhave evarūpaṁ kammaṁ karissāma yadidaṁ dhammena samagganti evañhi vo bhikkhave sikkhitabbanti.

“Thus, monks, you should train yourselves: ‘We will do this sort of transaction, i.e., the united transaction in accordance with the Dhamma.’” [BMC]

Notes

1.
The word adhammena: ‘not in accordance with the Dhamma’, also has the meaning ‘not in accordance with the rule’, drawing a parallel from the phrase yathādhammo kāretabbo: ‘... he is to be dealt with in accordance with the rule,’ in which dhamma clearly means ‘rule’. This means that any transaction that involves breaking a Vinaya rule is invalid, unless specifically stated otherwise, such as the ordination of a candidate with a physical disability. [Mv.I.71.1 Mv.IX.4.11]
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